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Monday, 11 August 2008 at 03:19

(11) Flag of Egypt under Ottoman Empire during the 19th century.
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12) The Egyptian flag under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty (1805–1922).
Muhammad Ali introduced a flag highly reminiscent of the Ottoman flag to signify his autonomy from the Ottoman Porte, and his own grandiose ambitions of challenging the Sultan for control of the Ottoman Empire itself.
The three white crescents and three stars on a red field used to be interpreted as to symbolize the victory of his armies in 3 continents (Africa, Asia, and Europe), or his own sovereignty over Egypt, Nubia, and Sudan.
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(12) Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1952)
This national flag of modern Egypt was adopted by a Royal Decree of the Kingdom of Egypt in 1923.
The three stars supposedly represented either the three parts comprising the Kingdom (Egypt, Nubia and Sudan), or the three religious communities of Egypt: Muslims, Christians and Jews.
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(13) Republic of Egypt (1952-1958)
This flag was introduced following the 1952 coup,
The colors on the flag were assumed to represent the following:
White - peace and honesty
Red - hardiness, bravery, strength & valor
Black – Determination.
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(13) United Arab Republic (1958–1961), flag used until 1972
In 1958, a Presidential Decree established a new flag for what's so called at that time the United Arab Republic which comprised a merger of Syria and Egypt, each presented by one star.
The ruling regime continued to use this flag until 1st January 1972, although the short-lived union saw its dissolution in 1961 !
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(13) The Republic of Egypt (1972–1984)
In 1972, when Egypt joined the Federation of Arab Republics, the Law was amended to change the flag again. The stars were removed from the flag and replaced by a golden hawk of Qureish, holding a scroll with the Arabic name of the Federation.
-> The Federation of Arab Republics was an abortive attempt to merge Libya, Egypt, and Syria, creating a pan-Arab state. The federation lasted from January 1972 to March 1977.
-> Quraish was the dominant tribe of Mecca upon the appearance of Islam and to which the Prophet Muhammad belonged.
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(13) Arab Republic of Egypt (1984-present)
In 1984, the ruling regime introduced 2 changes to the flag, i.e., replaced Hawk of Qureish by Eagle of Saladin and replaced the 'Federation of Arab Republics' by 'Arab Republic of Egypt' in the scroll that the eagle holds.
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6 changes in 200 years.
In 150 years, 2 changes.
In the last 50 years, 4 changes + 6 wars + merger + United Arab Republic + Arab Republic of Egypt + Hawk of Qureish + Eagle of Saladin, etc.