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Spores printed on white. Spores smooth, colorless, elliptic to oval, 4.5-7 × 3-4μm, sporogony. Hyphae of the dual-core like joint locks.
Edit this paragraph geographical distribution
Ecology: was born in winter and spring broadleaf fallen trees, Qun, scattered or solitary.
Distribution Region: Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Gansu.
Edit this paragraph nutritional value
The edible part of dried mushrooms accounted for 72% of water per 100g edible part 13g, fat 1.8g, carbohydrate 54g crude fiber 7.8g, 4.9g ash, calcium 124mg, phosphorus 415mg, 25.3mg iron, vitamin B1, 0.07mg vitamin B2 1.13mg, niacin 18.9mg. Fresh mushroom except for the moisture content of 85-90% solids in crude protein 19.9%, 4% crude fat, 67% of the soluble non-nitrogen material, 7% of crude fiber, ash 3%. The mushrooms contain vitamin D original, but very little vitamin C and a lack of vitamin A and A of the original. Lentinan can provide
[Mushrooms]
Mushrooms
High helper T cell viability and enhance human humoral immune function. The large number of Practice has proved that a wide range of mushrooms for cancer prevention, has been used in clinical treatment. The mushrooms also contain a variety of vitamins, minerals, have a significant role in the promotion of human metabolism, improve the body's resilience. Mushrooms from the treatment of diabetes, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, neuritis, but also for indigestion, constipation, and weight loss. Recorded mushrooms in a lot of ancient books in China, "Qi is not hungry, the governance the wind Poxue Yiwei help food". Folk used to help smallpox, measles-induced headache, dizziness. Modern studies have shown that lentinan can be adjusted in the human body immune function in T cell activity, can reduce the ability of the methylcholanthrene-induced tumors. Mushrooms on cancer cells strongly inhibited the mouse sarcoma 180 inhibition rate was 97.5%, and inhibition of Ehrlich carcinoma was 80%. The mushrooms also contain double-stranded RNA can induce interferon, has antiviral activity. Mushrooms contain a water-soluble flavor substances can be used as a food seasoning, its main ingredient is the 5'-guanosine acid and other nucleic acid composition.
Edit this paragraph drug value
The flavor components of the shiitake mushrooms and acid decomposition fine (lentionione,). So mushrooms are people important edible and medicinal mushrooms and spices. The mushroom flavor ingredient is a water-soluble substances, the main component is 5'-guanylate, 5'-the AMP, 5'-of UMP and other nucleic acid components, inclusive of about 0.1%. The flavor components is the essence of the shiitake mushrooms and acid decomposition.
Mushrooms with a molecular weight of one million anti-tumor composition ----- lentinan, with lower lipid composition ----- mushrooms too raw, mushroom adenine and adenine derivatives, mushrooms also contain anti-viral composition ------ interferon inducer ---- the double-stranded RNA, is one of the rare health food. Mushrooms containing unsaturated fatty acids high, also contains a large number of steroidal alcohol and bacteria sterol into vitamin D, ergot, has a positive effect for enhancing resistance to disease and prevent colds and treatment.
Regular consumption on the prevention of human infants caused by lack of vitamin D serum phosphorus, calcium metabolism disorders caused rickets useful, can prevent the human mucous membranes and skin inflammation.
The mushrooms contained in mushrooms too raw (lentysin) can prevent the hardening of the arteries, can reduce a person's blood pressure, lowering serum cholesterol composition (C8H1104N5, C9H1103N5) isolated from mushrooms.
Mushrooms ash contains large amounts of potassium salts and other mineral elements, is considered the ideal food to prevent acidic food poisoning.
Mushroom carbohydrates mostly hemicellulose, the main ingredient is mannitol, trehalose and the bacteria sugar (mycose,), glucose, pentosan and methyl pentosan, etc..
Edit this paragraph and cellular characteristics of
(1) the germination of spores
Germination of spores does not produce the typical germ tubes, but the first enlargement 2-5 spores along the long axis of growth, internal vacuoles; in nuclear division, nuclear first elongated after Central contraction, nuclear The film always exists. Mother support each can be accessed by about 6 to 8 bottles of the original species.
The original species directly to the expansion of cultivation in the same medium; for briquetting with species cultivated species.
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Into the aluminum pan, add 1000 ml of water, heated to boiling for 30 minutes, filtered with four layers of gauze, whichever is the juice, and then the agar after immersion in water by adding potato juice, continue to heat until all dissolved (heating process use the glass rod, stirring constantly to prevent overflow and focus), glucose, and filled with 1000 ml of hot water, determination and adjust the pH value (5% dilute hydrochloric acid or 5% sodium hydroxide solution) to the desired within. Preparation of a good medium is hot points into the test tube, the load is about 1/5 of the length of test tube, and tubing to pay attention not to Prudential buildup of the test tube mouth. The packing is completed stuffed with tampons, tampon requires an appropriate degree, insert a length of around 2/3 of the total length of the tampon, so that both benefit and ventilation can prevent the bacteria invade.
Plug the tampon test tube straight on the small wire basket, cover with greaseproof paper or kraft paper, lashing, or with a rope tied to a test tube a few bundles tampon part of the brown paper to wrap up, vertically into the high pressure sterilization pot, sterilization, and 1.5 kg / cm 2 pressure for 30 minutes.
After sterilization until the temperature dropped to 60 ° C in medium, then Zhuancheng the slope, to prevent condensate accumulation of too much. Placed bevel, first put a wooden stick on the table, the test tube by supporting diagonal, so that the bevel length does not exceed 1/2 of the test tube total length, after cooling and solidification Serve slant medium.
Slant medium after sterilization, sterile determination, can be removed from two to three placed in the incubator at 30 ° C about cultured for 3 days after culture is still smooth surfaces such as bacteria appear on the available vaccination. Multiple post-production has been to grasp, can not do sterile determination tests.
Autoclaving steps and precautions:
(Ⅰ) in sterilized pot, add water to the water mark height, the first use, you must first conduct a test, the water is too small, easy to dry out causing the accident, too much water tampon easy to damp.
(II) set fire to the material of the pot, should not be too crowded, otherwise it will affect the flow of steam and sterilization effect. Bulky bottle, by layering or extend the time of sterilization.
(III) and cover the pot, at the same time evenly tighten the lid on the diagonal spiral, not allow the leak, shut off gas valves.
(Iv) the ignition, gradually warming up. Boiling water until the pot pressure to 0.5 kg / cm 2, and gradually open the release valve, put the net pot of cold air to the pressure dropped to "0", then close the bleed valve. Hold to make the cold air, even if the increase to the desired pressure and temperature to achieve their degree, they can not achieve complete sterilization requirements.
(V) continue to DO% to the desired pressure began to remember sterilization time to adjust the fire size, and always maintain the necessary pressure to a certain period of time.
(VI) ceasefire. Pressure naturally back to the "0", hit the open valve.
(VII) to open the lid, made of wooden mats under the hood, steam gradually overflow by waste heat drying cotton plug.
(Ⅷ) Remove the sterilized material, and clear the remaining water to prevent bottom corrosion.
and b. Mother support each can be accessed by about 6 to 8 bottles of the original species.
The original species directly to the expansion of cultivation in the same medium; for briquetting with species cultivated species.
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Crossbar length over terrain on both sides was the chevron and staggered, mushroom wood spacing of 10cm or more, easy to fruiting body formation and harvest.
(3) fruiting period management
Mushroom wood to dissipate into the atmosphere, the wood moisture content of mushrooms reduced in winter, often less rain, low humidity, it is difficult to meet the water needed for fruiting. Therefore, before the frame of wood, you should make up water, and then from the frame, then concentrated mushroom wood, water supply, but also can reduce moisture loss. Mushroom wood supply water flooding and water spray are two ways.
Former mushroom wood soaked in water for 8-12 hours to this method, water-saving province fruiting neat, but the labor-intensive, and the mushroom wood loss stream flooding, flooding should not be used to avoid the loss of nutrients; the latter need continuous replenishment of 4-6 days, 3-6 hours daily intermittent spraying.
Note:
① mushroom wood make up water, such as the case temperature is low (below 10 ° C), must be insulation at about 20 ℃, more than 85% moisture reminder bud until the Gulei a lot of length to the size of soybean, of bulk frame wood .
② add water not to vote in the temperature is very dry, preferably a complement. When the first batch of mushrooms after harvest, can not immediately pay, mushroom wood dry for some time (1-2 months), and then pay a second reminder bud, it will give the mycelium is stimulated, promoting differentiation.
Caigu mushroom wood management
The wood from the cultivated mushroom with a one-time vaccination years of fruiting. Fruiting more than in spring and autumn. When the pileus is not yet fully expanded, that is, the cap edge is still slightly within the volume, plaque rupture, is the optimal period of harvest. Its yield up to 10-15 pounds / m3.
Mushroom fruiting bodies of wood after several months of growth and development of the original accumulation of nutrients mostly develop into mushrooms. For the second year of production yield and quality mushrooms, need to continue to restore growth to the accumulation of material. Therefore, after the end of the mushrooms harvested as soon as possible to restore the mycelium growing accumulation of nutrients. After mushroom wood harvesting, mushroom wood moved back to the dump, repeat the previous process, that is piling up, pay, from the frame.
Harvesting and grading
(1) harvest
General until the mushrooms to cover the edge is still within the volume expand 70-80% when the mushroom cap, gill within plaque rupture soon have to harvest the mushroom-shaped, mushroom quality, flavor are optimum. Therefore, we must do a good job of choice and separation of the mushroom cultivation.
Mushroom you want to select the individual characteristics of the species: to be selected as early fruiting, fruiting uniform, high yield bacteria block or mushroom wood to elect a flower-shaped upright, cover meat hypertrophy, short and thick stalk, no pest fruiting bodies to do the mushroom..
Mushroom information
Tissue isolation: the select mushroom requirement of Gulei. Mother support each can be accessed by about 6 to 8 bottles of the original species.
The original species directly to the expansion of cultivation in the same medium; for briquetting with species cultivated species.
#link
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