babysadista
female - 20 years, Quezon, Philippines
Blog 8
-
re:ehem
ang bf nawawala, ang pag ibig hindi.
-
fire within his eyes
i thought everything eill be the same,
but i was so wrong
i thought time could mend my broken heart
but it seems to be so long
when i let myself overflow
i used to pick my own pieces and mold
but im still broken
nobody to tell......
and then i saw....
the fire within his eyes!!!! -
an unspoken feeling....
My Friend…
Paano ko sasambitin,
Ang mga katagang nagtatakasan sa aking damdamin;
Mga damdaming itinulos sa kadawagang may hain ,
Paraiso kaya o buwitreng nais akong lapain?
Paano ko aaminin sa iyo,
Ang damdaming lumulukob dito?
Paano ko sasabihin ang lahat,
Sa paraang matatanggap mo?
Alin ang dapat na panghinayangan?
Alin ang dapat na ipaglaban?
Ang isang magandang samahan,
O pag-ibig na walang kasiguraduhan?
Kung sa bawat araw na ika’y kasama,
Sa pakpak ng paro-paro’y may pilak na saya;
Natatakot ako ng sobra-sobra,
Ayokong datnan ang bukas na wala ka na.
Matatalikuran ko kayang lahat,
Ang laksang bituing nasipagtunghay sa mga ulap;
Text messages mong magdamag na niyayakap,
Pagsundo’t hatid sa mga luhang nanunulay, naglalandas.
Basketball ma may kiss sabay hug, malapot-lapot,
Roadtrip tapos biglang may gugulat na fireworks;
Toyomansi’t sweet ‘n chili sauce sa berdeng kanin, no free soup,
Mga pinagsamahang ang hantungay sa sementeryo sa laot.
Kapag sinasabi ko sayong, I love you,
Dagli ang pagtugon mo ng, I love you too.
Himihimig ang mga anghel habang nagdurugo ang puso ko,
My friend mahal na kita subalit kaibigan mo lang naman ako.
Bakit kayhirap umibig sa isang kaibigan?
Inaabot ko’y langit habang niyayakap ang karimlan.
Tahimik ang paninibugho’t nasasaktan ng walang karapatan,
Patuloy na nasasakatan ng hindi mo namamalayan.
Hindi ko sinadyang maramdaman ito,
Itinago, pinigilan, at sinariling totoo.
Sapagkat napagtatanto kong ang babaeng laman ng puso mo’y,
Isa ring matalik na kaibigan ko.
Sadya nga bang kay pait ng bawat katotohanan?
Libong punyal na itinarak sa dib-dib kong tunay,
Sa tuwing binabanggit mo ang kanyang ngalan;
Namamatay ako ng paulit-ulit, ng dahan-dahan….
I made this poem specially for my friend…
-
rest
Timeline of transportation technology
Antiquity
• 3500 BC - Wheeled carts are invented in Mesopotamia
• 3500 BC - River boats are invented
• 2000 BC - Ships are invented in ancient Egypt
• 2500 BC - Earliest paved roads built in Rakhigarhi (Indus Valley Civilization)
• 2400 BC - Shipyard built in Lothal (Indus Valley Civilization)
• 2000 BC - Horses are tamed and used for transport
• 2000 BC - Chariots built by Indo-Iranians
• 500 BC - Postal system developed in Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire)
• 312 BC - One of the earliest paved roads, the Appian Way, is built; the Romans eventually built over 50,000 miles of paved Roman roads
• 200 BC - The first hot air balloon, the Kongming lantern, is invented in China
Middle Ages
• 559 AD - First attempt at flight using a kite by Yuan Huangtou
• 700 - Kamal invented in India or Arab Empire
• 700 - Lateen sails invented in the Middle East
• 800 - The streets of Baghdad are paved with tar
• 852 - Earliest parachute invented by Abbas Ibn Firnas
• 875 - First attempt at controlled flight by Abbas Ibn Firnas
• 1044 - Compass invented in China
• 1100 - Compass rose invented in Arab Empire
• 1200 - Caravel ship invented in Al-Andalus
• 1350 - Compass dial invented by Ibn al-Shatir
• 1576 - Ironclad warship built by Oda Nobunaga
17th century
• 1633 - Lagari Hasan Çelebi makes the first attempt at flying in an artificially-powered rocket
• 1662 - Blaise Pascal invents a horse-drawn public bus which has a regular route, schedule, and fare system
• 1672 - Ferdinand Verbiest may have built what may have been the first steam powered car[1][2]
18th century
• 1740 - Jacques de Vaucanson debuted his clockwork powered carriage
• 1769 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates his fardier à vapeur, an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor
• 1783 - Joseph Montgolfier and Étienne Montgolfier launch the first hot air balloons
• 1784 - William Murdoch built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth, England[3]
19th century
• 1801 - Richard Trevithick ran a full-sized steam 'road locomotive' on the road in Camborne, England[3]
• 1803 - Richard Trevithick built his 10-seater London Steam Carriage[3]
• 1804 - Richard Trevithick built a prototype steam-powered railway locomotive.
• 1804 - Oliver Evans (claimed to have) demonstrated a steam-powered amphibious vehicle.
• 1807 - Isaac de Rivas made a hydrogen gas -powered vehicle
• 1814 - George Stephenson built the first practical steam-powered railway locomotive
• 1816 - The most likely originator of the bicycle is the German, Baron Karl von Drais, who rode his 1816 machine while collecting taxes from his tenants.
• 1853 - Sir George Cayley built and demonstrated the first heavier-then-air aircraft (a glider)
• 1862 - Étienne Lenoir made a gasoline-engine automobile
• 1868 - George Westinghouse invented the compressed-air brake for railway trains.
20th century
• 1900 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin builds the first successful airship
• 1903 - Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright fly the first motor-driven airplane
• 1903 - Small diesel engine tested in a canal boat by Rudolph Diesel, Adrian Bochet and Frederic Dyckhoff
• 1908 - Henry Ford develops the assembly line method of automobile manufacturing
• 1911 - Selandia launched, the first ocean-going, diesel engine -driven ship
• 1926 - Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket
• December 17, 1935 - First flight of the DC-3, one the most significant transport aircraft in the history of aviation.[4]
• 1942 - V2 rocket covers a distance of 200 kilometres (120 mi)
• 1947 - First supersonic flight
• 1957 - Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite to be launched into orbit
• December 20, 1957 - First flight of the Boeing 707, the first commercially-successful jet airliner.
• 1961 - Vostok 1, the first manned space mission, designed by Sergey Korolyov and Kerim Kerimov, makes two orbits around the Earth
• February 9, 1969 - First flight of the Boeing 747, the first commercial widebody airliner.
• 1969 - First manned Moon landing
• 1971 - Salyut 1, the first space station, launched by Kerim Kerimov
• 1976 - Concorde made the world's first commercial passenger-carrying supersonic flight
• 1981 - First flight of the space shuttle
21st century
• 2003 - Concorde made the world's last commercial passenger carrying supersonic flight
Hydrologic Cycle
The scientific discipline in the field of physical geography that deals with the water cycle is called hydrology. It is concerned with the origin, distribution, and properties of water on the globe. Consequently, the water cycle is also called the hydrologic cycle in many scientific textbooks and educational materials. In a broad context, the sciences of meteorology and oceanography describe parts of a series of global physical processes involving water that are also major components of the science of hydrology. Hydrology, therefore, is a broad science that utilizes information from a wide range of other sciences and integrates them to quantify the movement of water.
The global water cycle can be described with nine major physical processes which form a continuum of water movement. Complex pathways include the passage of water from the gaseous envelope around the planet called the atmosphere, through the bodies of water on the surface of earth such as the oceans, glaciers and lakes, and at the same time (or more slowly) passing through the soil and rock layers underground. Later, the water is returned to the atmosphere. A fundamental characteristic of the hydrologic cycle is that it has no beginning an it has no end. It can be studied by starting at any of the following processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, transpiration, runoff, and storage.
EVAPORATION
Evaporation occurs when the physical state of water is changed from a liquid state to a gaseous state. A considerable amount of heat, about 600 calories of energy for each gram of water, is exchanged during the change of state. Typically, solar radiation and other factors such as air temperature, vapor pressure, wind, and atmospheric pressure affect the amount of natural evaporation that takes place in any geographic area. Evaporation can occur on raindrops, and on free water surfaces such as seas and lakes. It can even occur from water settled on vegetation, soil, rocks and snow. There is also evaporation caused by human activities. Heated buildings experience evaporation of water settled on its surfaces. Evaporated moisture is lifted into the atmosphere from the ocean, land surfaces, and waterbodies as water vapor. Some vapor always exists in the atmosphere.
CONDENSATION
Condensation is the process by which water vapor changes it's physical state from a vapor, most commonly, to a liquid. Water vapor condenses onto small airborne particles to form dew, fog, or clouds. The most active particles that form clouds are sea salts, atmospheric ions caused by lightning,and combustion products containing sulfurous and nitrous acids. Condensation is brought about by cooling of the air or by increasing the amount of vapor in the air to its saturation point. When water vapor condenses back into a liquid state, the same large amount of heat ( 600 calories of energy per gram) that was needed to make it a vapor is released to the environment.
PRECIPITATION
Precipitation is the process that occurs when any and all forms of water particles fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground. There are two sub- processes that cause clouds to release precipitation, the coalescence process and the ice- crystal process. As water drops reach a critical size, the drop is exposed to gravity and frictional drag. A falling drop leaves a turbulent wake behind which allows smaller drops to fall faster and to be overtaken to join and combine with the lead drop. The other sub-process that can occur is the ice-crystal formation process. It ocurrs when ice develops in cold clouds or in cloud formations high in the atmosphere where freezing temperatures occur. When nearby water droplets approach the crystals some droplets evaporate and condense on the crystals. The crystals grow to a critical size and drop as snow or ice pellets. Sometimes, as the pellets fall through lower elevation air, they melt and change into raindrops.
INTERCEPTION
Interception is the process of interrupting the movement of water in the chain of transportation events leading to streams. The interception can take place by vegetal cover or depression storage in puddles and in land formations such as rills and furrows.
When rain first begins, the water striking leaves and other organic materials spreads over the surfaces in a thin layer or it collects at points or edges. When the maximum surface storage capability on the surface of the material is exceeded, the material stores additional water in growing drops along its edges. Eventually the weight of the drops exceed the surface tension and water falls to the ground. Wind and the impact of rain drops can also release the water from the organic material. The water layer on organic surfaces and the drops of water along the edges are also freely exposed to evaporation.
INFILTRATION
Infiltration is the physical process involving movement of water through the boundary area where the atmosphere interfaces with the soil. The surface phenomonon is governed by soil surface conditions. Water transfer is related to the porosity of the soil and the permeability of the soil profile. Typically, the infiltration rate depends on the puddling of the water at the soil surface by the impact of raindrops, the texture and structure of the soil, the initial soil moisture content, the decreasing water concentration as the water moves deeper into the soil filling of the pores in the soil matrices, changes in the soil composition, and to the swelling of the wetted soils that in turn close cracks in the soil.
Water that is infiltrated and stored in the soil can also become the water that later is evapotranspired or becomes subsurface runoff.
PERCOLATION
Percolation is the movement of water though the soil, and it's layers, by gravity and capillary forces. The prime moving force of groundwater is gravity. Water that is in the zone of aeration where air exists is called vadose water. Water that is in the zone of saturation is called groundwater. For all practical purposes, all groundwater originates as surface water. Once underground, the water is moved by gravity. The boundary that separates the vadose and the saturation zones is called the water table. Usually the direction of water movement is changed from downward and a horizontal component to the movement is added that is based on the geologic boundary conditions.
TRANSPIRATION
Transpiration is the biological process that occurs mostly in the day. Water inside of plants is transferred from the plant to the atmosphere as water vapor through numerous individual leave openings. Plants transpire to move nutrients to the upper portion of the plants and to cool the leaves exposed to the sun. Leaves undergoing rapid transiration can be significantly cooler than the surrounding air. Transpiration is greatly affected by the species of plants that are in the soil and it is strongly affected by the amount of light to which the plants are exposed. Water can be transpired freely by plants until a water deficit develops in the plant and it water-releasing cells (stomata) begin to close. Transpiration then continues at a must slower rate. Only a small portion of the water that plants absorb are retained in the plants.
RUNOFF
Runoff is flow from a drainage basin or watershed that appears in surface streams. It generally consists of the flow that is unaffected by artificial diversions, storages or other works that society might have on or in a stream channel. The flow is made up partly of precipitation that falls directly on the stream , surface runoff that flows over the land surface and through channels, subsurface runoff that infiltrates the surface soils and moves laterally towards the stream, and groundwater runoff from deep percolation through the soil horizons. Part of the subsurface flow enters the stream quickly, while the remaining portion may take a longer period before joining the water in the stream. When each of the component flows enter the stream, they form the total runoff. The total runoff in the stream channels is called streamflow and it is generally regarded as direct runoff or base flow.
STORAGE
There are three basic locations of water storage that occur in the planetary water cycle. Water is stored in the atmosphere; water is stored on the surface of the earth, and water stored in the ground.
Water stored in the atmosphere can be moved relatively quickly from one part of the planet to another part of the planet. The type of storage that occurs on the land surface and under the ground largely depend on the geologic features related to the types of soil and the types of rocks present at the storage locations. Storage occurs as surface storage in oceans, lakes, reservoirs, and glaciers; underground storage occurs in the soil, in aquifers, and in the crevices of rock formations.
ESTIMATED GLOBAL WATER CYCLE
TYPE OF LOCATION VOLUME PERCENT OF TOTAL
WATER millions of millions of VOLUME
cu. miles cu kilometer
SALT WATER 97.00
oceans 314.2 1308.0 (96.4%)
saline bodies 2.1 8.7 (0.6%)
FRESH WATER 2.90
ice & snow 6.9 28.7 (2.1%)
lakes 0.5 2.1 (0.15%)
rivers 0.01 0.04 (0.003%)
accessible
groundwater 1.0 4.2 (0.31%)
ATMOSPEHERIC 0.10
sea
evaporation 0.1 0.42 (0.03%)
land
evaporation 0.05 0.21 (0.015%)
precipitation
over sea 0.09 0.37 (0.03%)
precipitation
over land 0.03 0.12 (0.01%)
water vapor 0.005 0.02 (0.002%)
ROUNDED TOTAL 326.00 1357.00 100.0
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TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
“History of Transportation”
PREPARED BY:
RIZA O. MENDOZA
BSCE – IV
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. EVANGELINE CONSTANTINO
HYDROLOGY
“THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE”
PREPARED BY:
Riza o. Mendoza
Bsce – iv
Submitted to:
Engr. Evangeline constantino
Abanilla, Reggie Engr. Constantino
BSCE – IV
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
“The History of Transportation”
________________________________________
3500 BC Fixed wheels on carts are invented - the first wheeled vehicles in history. Other early wheeled vehicles include the chariot.
3500 BC River boats are invented - ships with oars
2000 BC Horses are domesticated and used for transportation.
181-234 The wheelbarrow is invented.
770 Iron horseshoes improve transportation by horse
1492 Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines - with over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on flight
1620 Cornelis Drebbel invented the first submarine - an human oared submersible
1662 Blaise Pascal invents the first public bus - horse-drawn, regular route, schedule, and fare system
1740 Jacques de Vaucanson demonstrates his clockwork powered carriage
1783 First practical steamboat demonstrated by Marquis Claude Francois de Jouffroy d'Abbans - a paddle wheel steamboat
1783 The Montgolfier brothers invent the first hot air balloons
1787 Steamboat invented
1769 First self-propelled road vehicle invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot
1790 Modern bicycles invented
1801 Richard Trevithick invented the first steam powered locomotive (designed for roads)
1807 Isaac de Rivas makes a hydrogen gas powered vehicle - first with internal combustion power - however, very unsuccessful design
1807 First steamboat with regular passenger service - inventor Robert Fulton's Clermont
1814 George Stephenson invents the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive
1862 Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline engine automobile
1867 First motorcycle invented
1868 George Westinghouse invents the compressed air locomotive brake - enabled trains to be stopped with fail-safe accuracy
1871 First cable car invented
1885 Karl Benz builds the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine
1899 Ferdinand von Zeppelin invents the first successful dirigible - the Zeppelin
1903 The Wright Brothers invent and fly the first engined airplane
1907 Very first helicopter - unsuccessful design
1908 Henry Ford improves the assembly line for automobile manufacturing
1908 Hydrofoil boats co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell & Casey Baldwin - boats that skimmed water
1926 First liquid propelled rocket launched
1940 Modern helicopters invented
1947 First supersonic jet flight
1956 Hovercraft invented
1964 Bullet train transportation invented
1969 First manned mission (Apollo) to the Moon
1970 First jumbo jet
1981 Space shuttle launched
Abanilla, Reggie Engr. Constantino
BSCE – IV
HYDROLOGY
Water cycle
The Earth's water is always in movement, and the water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle," there is no beginning or end. Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle, with these processes happening in the blink of an eye and over millions of years. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go in a hurry, but there is always the same amount of water on the surface of the earth.
The water cycle.
The water cycle has no starting or ending point. The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in the oceans. Some of it evaporates as vapor into the air. Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere, along with water from evapotranspiration, which is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. The vapor rises into the air where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move clouds around the globe, cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Snowpacks in warmer climates often thaw and melt when spring arrives, and the melted water flows overland as snowmelt. Most precipitation falls back into the oceans or onto land, where, due to gravity, the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with streamflow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff, and ground-water seepage, accumulate and are stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers. Much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers (saturated subsurface rock), which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface-water bodies (and the ocean) as ground-water discharge, and some ground water finds openings in the land surface and emerges as freshwater springs. Over time, the water continues flowing, some to reenter the ocean, where the water cycle renews itself.
The different processes are as follows:
• Precipitation is condensed water vapor that falls to the Earth's surface. Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel, and sleet.[1] Approximately 505,000 km³ of water fall as precipitation each year, 398,000 km³ of it over the oceans.[2]
• Canopy interception is the precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground.
• Snowmelt refers to the runoff produced by melting snow.
• Runoff includes the variety of ways by which water moves across the land. This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff. As it flows, the water may infiltrate into the ground, evaporate into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses.
• Infiltration is the flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater.[3]
• Subsurface Flow is the flow of water underground, in the vadose zone and aquifers. Subsurface water may return to the surface (eg. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly, and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years.
• Evaporation is the transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere.[4] The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation. Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration. Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000 km³ of water, 434,000 km³ of which evaporates from the oceans.[5]
• Sublimation is the state change directly from solid water (snow or ice) to water vapor.[6]
• Advection is the movement of water — in solid, liquid, or vapour states — through the atmosphere. Without advection, water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land.[7]
• Condensation is the transformation of water vapour to liquid water droplets in the air, producing clouds and fog.[8] -
teaching my heart to heals....
lost in misery
dying under the rain
no tatoo on my heart
no pain, so insane
even he left me hanging
even he no more cares
i started moving
im leaving the pain
stars still shining
we're in the same horizon
we share the same sky
we'll fall on the same ground
and now im teaching my heart to heals
teaching my heart to forget
anyone cares to help?..... -
nothing hill
Dear Mr. N.H,
how r u? u know what? im happy i can scape this pain in me whenever im missing ur presence. Ive been hurt for a very long time. And yet, im not sure if im really moving on. MAybe its just pushing ur memories here in my thoughts.
u must go out of my system. -
Letting Go
teary eyes
silence and darkness
i learned to lie
i learned to smile
i learned to cry
until i realized im falling for him
he said goodbye
living me alone
he left
nobody knows
i still smile
though inside
it break my heart
enough pain
i still cry
days
nights
no him
by my side
no use
grieving
must learn movin
i should not forget "to love is to love" what the words letting go means for...... -
which is which?
" if it were death to love him, i would have died a thousand times over......."
- baby_noel
